WAEC Government Past Questions & Answers - Page 216

How a person determines his or her political beliefs is called political socialization. Tourism is an agent of political socialization process that can shape the way people build their political beliefs

Communalism usually refers to a system that integrates communal ownership and federations of highly localized independent communities. 

Communalism is an organized government on the local level that is based on a common purpose and shared values, such as ethnic, cultural, and religious affiliation. It has to do with communal living, sharing and ownership of the means of livelihood

Political socialization is the "process by which individuals learn and frequently internalize a political idea framing their perceptions of how power is arranged and how the world around them is (and should be) organized; those perceptions, in turn, shape and define individuals' definitions of who they are and how they should behave in the political and economic institutions in which they live."

Political socialization also encompasses the way in which people acquire values and opinions that shape their political stance and ideology

Congnitive orientation in political culture is the rate of different kind of ideas, affecting orientations toward the political system. Its input aspects, its output aspects and the self as political actor. It deals with beliefs and attitudes.

The term political culture was brought into political science to promote the American political system. The concept was used by Gabriel Almond in the late 50s, and outlined in The Civic Culture (1963, Almond & Verba), but was soon opposed by two European political scientists, Gerhard Lehmbruch and Arend Lijphart.