JAMB Physics Past Questions & Answers - Page 68

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Viscosity, resistance of a fluid (liquid or gas) to a change in shape, or movement of neighboring portions relative to one another. Viscosity denotes opposition to flow. The reciprocal of the viscosity is called the fluidity, a measure of the ease of flow. Molasses, for example, has a greater viscosity than water. Because part of a fluid that is forced to move carries along to some extent adjacent parts, viscosity may be thought of as internal friction between the molecules; such friction opposes the development of velocity differences within a fluid. Viscosity is a major factor in determining the forces that must be overcome when fluids are used in lubrication and transported in pipelines. It controls the liquid flow in such processes as spraying, injection molding, and surface coating.

Conduction: the flow of internal energy from a region of higher temperature to lower temperature
Convection: heat transfer due to bulk movement of molecules within fluids
Expansion: the action of becoming larger or more extensive

Radiation refers to the transmission of energy as electromagnetic radiation from its emission at a heated surface to its absorption on another surface, a process requiring no medium to convey the energy.
Conduction is the transferring of heat by direct contact.
Convection is transferring heat through the motions of fluids (gases and liquids).

Y – Ray is a penetrating electro-magnetic radiation.
α – particle is produced in the process of alpha decay.
Neutron is a sub-atomic particle.