JAMB Chemistry Past Questions & Answers - Page 16

The industrial production of ammonia is known as the Haber process. It involves the reaction of nitrogen gas (N\(_2\)) and hydrogen gas (H\(_2\)) at high temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst to produce ammonia (NH\(_3\)).

Eutrophication is the excessive growth of algae and aquatic plants in water bodies due to the increased availability of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. This nutrient enrichment often comes from agricultural runoff, sewage, and industrial discharges.

In the kinetic theory of gases, the pressure exerted by a gas is a result of the frequent and random collisions of gas particles with the walls of the container. The force of these collisions creates pressure on the container walls.

The sum of the oxidation numbers in a neutral compound is always zero. This is because oxidation numbers represent the charge that an atom would have if all bonding were ionic. In a neutral compound, the total positive charge (from the oxidation numbers of the atoms that have positive oxidation numbers) must equal the total negative charge (from the atoms that have negative oxidation numbers).

The phase change from a liquid to a gas involves an increase in entropy. In the gas phase, molecules have higher degrees of freedom and are more dispersed compared to the liquid phase, resulting in higher entropy change.