JAMB Islamic Religious Knowledge Past Questions & Answers - Page 13

In 763, al-Mansur, the Abbasid monarch offered Abu Hanifa the post of Chief Judge of the State, but he declined the offer, choosing to remain independent. His student Abu Yusuf was later appointed Qadi Al-Qudat (Chief Judge of the State) by the Caliph Harun al-Rashid.In his reply to al-Mansur, Abū Ḥanīfah said that he was not fit for the post. Al-Mansur, who had his own ideas and reasons for offering the post, lost his temper and accused Abū Ḥanīfah of lying."If I am lying," Abū Ḥanīfah said, "then my statement is doubly correct. How can you appoint a liar to the exalted post of a Chief Qadi (Judge)?" Incensed by this reply, the ruler had Abū Ḥanīfah arrested, locked in prison and tortured. He was never fed nor cared for. Even there, the jurist continued to teach those who were permitted to come to him.

On the 15 Rajab 150(August 15, 767), Abū Ḥanīfah died in prison

Lessons from Surah 113,Sūrat al-falaq
Seek refuge in Allāh from all evil.
Seek refuge in Him from the evil of the creation.
Seek refuge in Him from the darkness of the night.
Seek refuge in Him from the evil of the sorcerers.
Seek refuge in Him from those who harbour jealousy.

For marriage a minimum of two witnesses is required. These witnesses are not for the bride or for the groom, but they are the witnesses for the marriage of the couple for whom they accept to be the witnesses.Nikah(marriage ceremony) is both a legal ceremony and a public ceremony. According to the Shari`ah, there should be two witnesses for all important legal contracts.Nikahas a public ceremony should also be done in the presence of many people (or at least two as the minimum), so that more people know that this man and this woman have come together as a legally married couple.

Qur'an 2:42 Says
And do not mix the truth with falsehood or conceal the truth while you know [it].
For the proper understanding of this verse we need to recall that in the time of the Prophet the Jews of Arabia were more learned than the Arabs. In fact, there were some Jewish scholars of Arabia whose fame had spread even beyond the confines of that land. It was natural in such circumstances that, when the Prophet began to preach his message, the ignorant Arabs should approach the Jews and ask their opinion of the Prophet and his teachings, particularly as the Jews also believed in Prophets and Scriptures. We find that this inquiry was often made by the Makkans, and continued to he addressed to the Jews after the Prophet arrived in Madina.In reply to this query, however, the Jewish religious scholars never told the candid truth. It was impossible for them to say that the doctrine of monotheism preached by Muhammad was incorrect, that there was any error in his teachings regarding the Prophets, the Divine Scriptures, the angels and the Next Life and that there was any error in the principles of moral conduct which the Prophet propounded. At the same time, however, they were not prepared to make a straightforward affirmation of the truth of his teachings. In short, they neither categorically denied the Truth nor were prepared to accept it with open hearts.Instead, they tried to plant insidious doubts in the minds of everybody who enquired about the Prophet and his mission.

It is this attitude of the Jews to which the Qur'an alludes when it asks them not to overlay the truth with falsehood.

(17:23) Your Lord has decreed:
(i) Do not worship any but Him;(ii) Be good to your parents; and should both or any one of them attain old age with you, do not say to them even "fie" neither chide them, but speak to them with respect.
This commandment is very comprehensive. It prohibits not only the worship of anyone except Allah but also implies that one should obey and serve and submit to Allah alone without question. One should accept His commandments and law alone to be worthy of obedience and His authority to be supreme above all.