JAMB History Past Questions & Answers - Page 13

Apartheid officially began in South Africa in 1948. It was a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination that lasted until the early 1990s. The National Party, which came to power in 1948, formalized and expanded segregationist laws into the apartheid system.

The Kanem-Borno Empire prospered due to its control over the salt trade. The empire was strategically located on trans-Saharan trade routes, and it capitalized on this by controlling the trade of salt, a valuable commodity at the time.

The Aba Women's Riots of 1929, also known as the Women's War, was a response to the imposition of heavy taxes on women traders by the British colonial administration. The women protested against the Warrant Chiefs, who were representatives of the colonial government, and their oppressive taxation policies.

The British colonial policy of 'indirect rule' was first implemented in Nigeria by Lord Lugard in the Northern region, specifically in Kano. Indirect rule is a system of governance used by the British to control parts of their colonial empire, particularly in Africa and Asia, through pre-existing local power structures. These dependencies were often called 'protectorates' or 'trucial states'.

The decline of the Benin Kingdom's influence in the 19th century was majorly due to the Scramble for Africa. The Scramble for Africa was a period of rapid colonization of African territories by European powers in the late 19th century, which often led to the decline or destruction of existing African kingdoms and empires.