JAMB Physics Past Questions & Answers - Page 118

586.

When electrical power is transmitted over long distances, the voltage is stepped up so that

A.

the resistance of the wire may be increased proportionately to the potential difference

B.

the time of transmissions between the generating and the receiving stations may be reduced

C.

there is increased current to produce brighter lights.

D.

the rate of electrical consumption is increased.

E.

the energy waste may be minimised as the current is lowered.

Correct answer is E

No explanation has been provided for this answer.

587.

Which of the following is used in a nuclear reactor to slow down fast moving neutrons?

A.

graphite rods

B.

carbon dioxide gas

C.

liquid sodium metal

D.

concrete shield

E.

boron rods

Correct answer is A

No explanation has been provided for this answer.

588.

The half-life of a radioactive substance is 2 seconds. Calculate the decay constant.

A.

2.890 s-1

B.

1.445 s-1

C.

0.576 s-1

D.

0.347s-1

E.

0.152 s-1

Correct answer is D

\(T_{\frac{1}{2}} = \frac{\ln 2}{\lambda}\)

where \(T_{\frac{1}{2}}\) = half-life of element; \(\lambda\) = decay constant.

= \(\frac{0.693}{\lambda}\)

\(\therefore 2 = \frac{0.693}{\lambda}\)

\(\lambda = \frac{0.693}{2}\)

= 0.3465 s\(^{-1}\)

\(\approxeq\) 0.347 s\(^{-1}\)

589.

When a metal is heated to a high temperature, electrons are emitted from its surface. The process is known as

A.

photoelectric effect

B.

thermionic emission

C.

field emission

D.

secondary emission

E.

radioactive emission

Correct answer is B

The process by which free electrons are emitted from the surface of a metal when external heat energy is applied is called thermionic emission.

590.

The helium isotope \(^3_2He\)

A.

has three pro tons and two neutrons

B.

has two protons and one neutron

C.

has two protons and three neutrons

D.

has one proton and two neutrons

E.

cannot exist because it has the same mass number as tritium

Correct answer is E

No explanation has been provided for this answer.