In the early part of Islam in West Africa, the ribāt was primarily a centre for
religious propagation
Sūfi indoctrination
social reform
fraternal movement
Correct answer is A
A ribāṭ (Arabic: رِبَـاط; hospice, hostel, base or retreat) is an Arabic term for a small fortification built along a frontier during the first years of the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb to house military volunteers, called murabitun, and shortly after they also appeared along the Byzantine frontier, where they attracted converts from Greater Khorasan, an area that would become known as al-ʻAwāṣim in the ninth century CE. These fortifications later served to protect commercial routes and as centers for isolated Muslim communities as well as serving as places of piety.