Data Processing Questions and Answers

The physical infrastructure through which internet traffic are exchanged between the ISP in the school illustrated above and other ISP s is called an internet exchange point or IXP.

An IXP is a facility where multiple networks can connect to each other and exchange traffic. This allows ISPs to exchange traffic directly with each other, without having to go through a third party. This can improve performance and reduce costs.

In the given scenario, the ISP in the school will connect to an IXP to exchange traffic with other ISPs. This will allow the student to upload personal details on the school portal, even if the student's ISP is different from the ISP that hosts the school portal.

Server farms, subscriber end points, and switch racks are all part of the physical infrastructure of the internet, but they are not used to exchange traffic between ISPs.

Server farms are facilities that house large numbers of servers. These servers are used to host websites, applications, and other services.

Subscriber end points are the devices that connect users to the internet. This can include computers, smartphones, and tablets.

Switch racks are cabinets that house switches. Switches are devices that connect devices on a network together.

The type of network illustrated above is a LAN or Local Area Network.

A LAN is a network that connects devices in a limited area, such as a school, office, or home. LANs are typically used to connect computers, printers, and other devices together.

In the given scenario, the student is using the school's WiFi to upload personal details on the school portal. The WiFi is a wireless LAN that connects the student's device to the school's network. The ISP and the hostel are both domiciled in the school premises, which means that they are all part of the same LAN.

MAN or Metropolitan Area Network is a network that covers a larger area than a LAN, such as a city or a campus. WAN or Wide Area Network is a network that covers a large geographic area, such as a country or the world. PAN or Personal Area Network is a network that connects devices close to a person, such as a laptop, smartphone, and printer.

In this case, the network is limited to the school premises, so it is a LAN.

Radio transmission refers to the process of sending and receiving information using radio waves, which are a type of electromagnetic radiation. Radio waves are used for various forms of communication, including broadcasting, wireless communication, and remote control systems.

To correct the described problems of a slow, freezing computer system that is also very dusty, the appropriate action is to perform maintenance procedures.

Performing maintenance procedures could involve the following steps:

Cleaning: Dust accumulation can lead to overheating and hinder proper airflow, causing the system to slow down or freeze. Open the computer's case and carefully clean the components using compressed air or an electronics-friendly blower.

Checking for Malware: Slow performance and freezing can be caused by malware infections. Run a thorough malware scan to ensure the system is not compromised.

Checking for Software Issues: Excessive background processes or malfunctioning software can also slow down a computer. Review and uninstall unnecessary or problematic applications.

Updating Software: Ensure that the operating system, drivers, and applications are up to date. Sometimes, updates can address performance issues.

Checking Hardware: Inspect hardware components for any visible damage or loose connections. Reseat RAM, check the hard drive's health, and make sure all components are properly seated.

Removing Unnecessary Files: While deleting unnecessary files might help free up storage space, it might not directly address the issues mentioned.

Note: Hitting the system unit with a blower is not recommended as it could potentially cause further damage to the hardware components. It's important to handle the hardware gently and follow appropriate cleaning methods.

The process of drawing inference from a piece of information is called interpretation.

Analysis is the process of breaking down a whole into its parts and examining those parts. Collation is the process of bringing together information from different sources. Organization is the process of arranging information in a logical order.

Interpretation is the process of making meaning from information. It involves using our knowledge and experience to make sense of what we see, hear, and read. When we interpret information, we are drawing inferences about what it means. We are making connections between the information and our own knowledge and experience.

For example, if we read a news article about a car accident, we might interpret the information to mean that the driver was speeding. We might make this inference because we know that speeding is a common cause of car accidents. We might also make this inference because the article mentions that the driver was not wearing a seatbelt. We know that not wearing a seatbelt is also a common cause of car accidents.

Interpretation is an important skill for critical thinking. It allows us to make sense of the world around us and to make informed decisions.