Chemistry Questions and Answers

Among the given elements, W has the lowest ionization energy ($12.0 KJ mol^{-1} x 10^{-3})$, indicating that it would be more likely to react with chlorine. X has a higher ionization energy $(21.0 KJ mol^{-1} x 10^{-3})$, so it would be less reactive with chlorine compared to W.
Based on ionization energy values, the elements that would react more readily with chlorine are W and X.

The formation of a bond between hydrogen and a highly electronegative atom results in polarity because the electronegative atom will attract the shared pair of electrons more than the hydrogen atom, creating a dipole with a partial negative charge on the electronegative atom and a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atom.

Cracking is a chemical process in which larger hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller and more useful ones. This process is commonly used in petroleum refining to convert heavy hydrocarbons into lighter fractions, including alkenes. During cracking, high-temperature and/or catalytic conditions are applied to break the long carbon chains of hydrocarbons into shorter ones. This process produces a mixture of products, including alkenes, which are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon double bonds.

From the given options, "Open-mindedness" is not a specific step in the scientific method. Open-mindedness is a general mindset that scientists should have throughout the entire process. It involves being receptive to new ideas, evidence, and interpretations, which helps scientists avoid biases and reach more accurate conclusions.

The hydrolysis of an alkanoate is the reaction of an alkanoate with water to form a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. The correct reaction is:

$CH_3COOC_2H_5 + H_2O ⇌H^+⇌ CH_3COOH + CH_3CH_2OH$