JAMB Chemistry Past Questions & Answers - Page 58

286.

In the upper atmosphere, the ultra-violet light breaks off a free chlorine atom from chlorofluorocarbon molecule. The effect of this is that the free chlorine atom will

A.

be very reactive and will attack ozone

B.

be non-reactive and will not attack ozone

C.

not change the level of ozone in the atmosphere

D.

increase the level of ozone in the atmosphere

Correct answer is A

CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) have a lifetime in the atmosphere of about 20 to 100 years, and consequently one free chlorine atom from a CFC molecule can do a lot of damage, destroying ozone molecules for a long time

287.

Which of the following separation techniques can be employed in obtaining solvent from its solution?

A.

Evaporation

B.

Distillation

C.

Filtration

D.

Precipitation

Correct answer is B

Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation.

288.

A sample of hard water contains some calcium sulphate and calcium hydrogen carbonate. The total hardness may therefore be removed by

A.

boiling the water

B.

adding excess calcium hydroxide

C.

adding a calculated amount of calcium hydroxide

D.

adding sodium carbonate

Correct answer is D

Its D because when sodium carbonate reacts with calcium hydrogentrioxocarbonate it gives sodium hydrogentrioxocarbonate and calcium trioxocarbonate. However, when it react with calcium sulphate, calcium carbonate and sodium tetraoxosulphate is formed

289.

In the removal of water hardness, permutit is regenerated with a strong solution of

A.

NaOH

B.

Na\(_3\)SO\(_4\)

C.

Na\(_3\)CO\(_3\)

D.

NaCl

Correct answer is D

permutit water softener can be regenerated by washing the spent resin with brine( saturated sodium chloride solution). The solution ions replace the calcium or magnesium ions present in it.

\(CaR_{2(s)}\) + 2\(NaCl_{aq}\)  → \(CaCl_{2(aq)}\) + 2\(NaR_{2(s)}\)

290.

When large hydrocarbon molecules are heated at high temperature in the presence of a catalyst to give smaller molecules, the process is known as

A.

disintegration

B.

polymerization

C.

cracking

D.

degradation

Correct answer is C

Cracking is the breakdown of a large alkane into smaller, more useful alkenes. Simply put, hydrocarbon cracking is the process of breaking a long-chain of hydrocarbons into short ones. This process might require high temperatures and high pressure.